Fish & Wildlife Management​

Fish and wildlife management efforts protect and enhance species and their habitats. This includes targeted restoration efforts, reintroductions of populations, inventory and monitoring populations, disease monitoring, and invasive species control. Techniques like wetland creation, marine and estuary protection, managing forest habitat types, using prescribed fire, habitat plantings, and direct habitat enhancement are utilized to improve and expand species habitat. Along with providing vital habitat for species, this work also provides access for outdoor pursuits.  Access areas and facilities allow people to access the out of doors and connect with the land around them and enjoy pursuits such as hiking, wildlife watching, hunting, and fishing. Facilities supported include hunter education centers, fish hatcheries, public fishing access areas, safe target shooting locations, aquatic fish passage ladders, and boat pump-out stations or dock facilities. Together, these efforts sustain species abundance and distribution, promote healthy fish and wildlife populations, and foster a strong connection between people and nature.

An archery hunter in Wyoming looking for elk

Habitat

Over 36 million acres of land are managed by state fish and wildlife agencies in the United States

Habitat management is an essential component of fish and wildlife conservation. It involves planning and the development and implementation of strategies that conserve and restore natural habitats. This includes the control of invasive species and restoration and improvements to all types of habitats, as well as promoting sustainable land use practices. Effective habitat management is not only essential for the enhancing species distribution and abundance, but also for the numerous benefits that habitats can provide to the public to engage in outdoor pursuits. These sustainable management practices, developed through collaboration and tailored to the unique needs of individual habitats, are the mechanism for the long-term protection of our natural resources.

A man admires the fish he caught

Species

500 species of wild birds and mammals and 200 species of sport fish are monitored and managed in the United States.​

Species management is important in determining the needs of fish and wildlife, to ensure healthy populations into the future. Effective conservation strategies hinge on understanding each species’ unique needs, including population dynamics, and habitat requirements. By assessing basic information and understanding seasonal requirements biologists can tailor strategies to each species. Key elements include population monitoring and species reintroduction. Successful management relies on collaboration between organizations, governments, and local communities, leveraging resources and expertise to benefit fish and wildlife. Ultimately, effective species management conserves our country’s incredible diversity, abundance and distribution of wildlife and wild places.

Boat Ramp Wilmington DE

Access & Facilities

Over 8,900 areas are operated and maintained for boating and fishing access in the United States

Access and facility management is essential for ensuring safe and responsible use of public spaces and conservation areas. This management involves developing and enforcing policies and regulations related to public use, ensuring well-maintained facilities, and providing opportunities for education and access to lands and waters.  By managing access and facilities responsibly, we can protect sensitive environments, minimize impacts on habitats and wildlife, and improve visitor experiences. Working with the public, including government agencies, conservation organizations, and local communities, access and facility management ensures equitable access to public resources and places, while conserving them for future generations.

Featured Video

Waterways for All

Improving and Expanding Public Fishing and Boating Access

Clean water conservation, healthy fisheries, and easy public access to recreational boating and fishing opportunities are all made possible by the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program.

In The News

Man sitting on a boat holding a walleye.

Angling, Management, News, Research

September 14, 2026
SFR dollars yield a public benefit—refining know-how among fisheries scientists, bearing cost-savings, turning out better fishing, and in the case of walleye, great-tasting locally sourced food.
A biologist sutures a fish lying on a tub in a boat.

Angling, Management, News, Research

August 29, 2026
How these southern striped bass spend their days, especially related to spawning, became much clearer thanks to research conducted by fish biologist Jason Marsik with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) and his colleague, Dr. Jason Doll at Francis Marion University. Using Sport Fish Restoration dollars derived from federal excise taxes paid by the manufacturers of fishing tackle and a portion of the federal gas tax that is attributable to motorboats and small engines, the two sought to better understand striper habitat use and movements in the Great Pee Dee River, particularly at spawning time.
Paddlefish underwater

Angling, Management, News

August 13, 2026
Paddlefish and anglers benefit from Sport Fish Restoration funding.
A helicopter flies low over grasslands, following a herd of pronghorn.

Archery, Firearms & Ammunition, Management, Research

August 13, 2026
Whether you enjoy seeing pronghorn while driving along a highway, through a rifle scope, or just appreciate knowing they skitter about in the western states, they, and we, are beneficiaries of scientific wildlife management made possible by Pittman-Robertson funding.
White-tailed Deer in forest

Archery, Firearms & Ammunition, Management

July 2, 2026
There are over 9,000 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) across the United States. These lands provide places for wildlife to thrive, ecosystems to function, and people to connect with the outdoors.
A biologist sits in a motorboat with a radio antenna.

Angling, Management, Research

June 29, 2026
Iowa Department of Natural Resources fish biologist Jonathan Meerbeek recently released the findings of a multiyear research project that should enthuse muskie anglers in Iowa and beyond. His work stands to make muskie conservation more efficient and the fishing better anywhere state fish and wildlife agencies rely on supplemental stocking from hatcheries.