Recent innovations in wildlife tracking have advanced the field of movement ecology, yet applications to the smallest species have remained limited by the acceptable weight of tracking devices relative to that of the organism. Despite a century of banding, hummingbird migration across North America remains poorly understood, limiting efforts to develop effective conservation strategies in the U.S. Yet, recently, a new technological advancement has emerged and has demonstrated its astounding capacity. Here we propose to use a novel, ultralight, solar-powered transmitter, the BluMorpho transmitter, that enables continuous, fine-scale tracking of North American hummingbirds. This technology will allow us to obtain migration tracks of North American hummingbirds throughout the Southeastern U.S. and even more broadly, the entirety of North America – a previously impossible feat. We propose to conduct a multi-state effort to deploy transmitters on two species in the Southeastern U.S. – Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) and Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris). The BluMorpho transmitter combines solar power with near real-time transmission via a ubiquitous crowd-sourced network, all in a device weighing just 0.058-0.060 g. These transmitters are also compatible with the Motus Wildlife Tracking Network enabling continuous, remote tracking at high spatial and temporal resolution with no need for recovery. In total, we will deploy 500 BluMorpho transmitters across 7 Southeastern U.S. states and will also present our work at a prestigious avian conference – the American Ornithological Conference. By leveraging our expert team, we will not only collect novel, individual tracks to describe migration and stopover ecology for conservation efforts but will then utilize these tracks to better inform large-scale population models in an open-access format. Our expert team consists of leads in the field of biology, wildlife, collaborative migratory bird research, spatial analyses with avian tracking data, multivariate population-level data, and technological expertise. With many hummingbird species currently experiencing population declines, identifying key areas along their full-annual cycle to focus conservation efforts is critical for population management and to understand how these species interact with encroaching urbanization. We expect this work to produce millions of data points in near real-time which then will be used for population-level and ecological modeling so that state and federal agencies may better identify crucial habitat and landcover types for the conservation management of these species. This project will not only benefit the Southeastern U.S. but will benefit hummingbird research and conservation on a continental scale. Our methodologies will be applicable for federal, state, and non-governmental organization (NGO) replication in a scientific and conservation driven manner. Additionally, our results will help to facilitate application of these transmitters to other species which currently have little to no tracking data due to weight or other tracking limitations. This advancement opens a new frontier in movement ecology, enabling year-round, individual-based studies in a group previously inaccessible to telemetry.
Deploying Ultralight Solar Transmitters on Rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) to Document Movement Ecology
Fiscal Year
2026
Organization
University of Memphis
Grant Number
F26AP00342
Categories
Research, Tool Development
R3
No