Past research from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS) National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (funded by Federal grant F20AP00134), the Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation’s Special Report on Fishing, (funded by Federal grant F23AC00806), and Outdoor Stewards of Conservation Foundation’s Honing Youth Fishing Programs to Create Avid Anglers (funded by Federal grant F24AP00304), have helped fish and wildlife agencies, as well as the fishing and boating industry better understand these participants and improve communications pertaining to angling and boating opportunities resulting in advanced recruitment, retention, and reactivation (R3) efforts of anglers and boaters. The primary purpose of this project is to build upon decades of research and provide new insights that not only align with past grant research, but will help beneficiaries better understand barriers to entry, current participation, demographics, perceptions, economics, and opportunities pertaining to four understudied, but vital, fishing segments: Charter Boat Fishing both fresh and saltwater charters including in-shore and off-shore saltwater charters, Surf Fishing, Ice Fishing, and Flyfishing. Detailed insights gained from this project will help improve communications with anglers, boaters, and the general public regarding angling and boating opportunities helping long-term sustainability of fishing. Activities to be performed include all aspects of creating and administering four separate research projects using online methodology resulting in four separate in-depth reports, and sharing full reports, including key findings and recommendations, with state fish and wildlife agencies as the main intended beneficiaries, as well as with fishing and boating industry organizations. Project objectives include utilizing survey results to develop baseline data and quantify current participation rates in each of the four fishing categories, as well as identifying new insights into each fishing segment that will assist beneficiaries. Examples of potential new insights for each specific fishing segment include frequency of participation, costs incurred, group size when participating, location such as in-state vs. out of state, distance travelled, average time spent fishing per trip, where participants gain information, what they like about the activity, perceptions of fish and wildlife agencies, suggestions on how to grow participation, approval rating on current license costs, tackle used, retailers frequented, top barriers to participation, potential messaging that could be used for targeted outreach campaigns, approval rating of current access and opportunities including targeted fish populations, full demographics of current participants. Report data will be used to recommend messages to help improve communications with anglers, boaters and the public regarding the opportunity to give one, or more, of these activities a try which will help recruitment efforts leading to increased participation. Deliverables include four separate research reports resulting in improved understanding of these four important fishing segments. The grant team will share results and recommendations to stakeholders for actions to be taken including potential actions to lower barriers to entry and increase overall participation. Each of the four studies will result in a separate report that will provide new, and in-depth, insights into each fishing category. The grant team has a combined 55 years of experience conducting research, including several projects from similar federally funded grants for fishing and the outdoor space. The grant team’s extensive experience, along with combining four studies into one proposal, allows for extensive cost savings while providing highly valuable data.